The Wild Chocolate Guide (Cocoa)
Cocoa goes global
More recently, cocoa bean production has expanded beyond the traditional Central and South American countries.
The world's three largest cocoa bean producers are in Africa and Asia. Ivory Coast is in first place, then Ghana and Indonesia. West African countries now account for 69% of the world's cocoa bean production, most of which is used for mass-produced chocolate products.
The plant has come a long way since the time of Cortes and the fall of the Maya empire. Since then, cocoa has continued to spread across the globe through new and improved methods for growing, cultivating, and processing.
Processing Cocoa
The processing methods for growing cocoa vary greatly depending on whether you buy organic or conventional.
While some organic products are not much different than standard grade (and some are), conventional cocoa is one of the world's most heavily sprayed crops (again, just like coffee).
And since the cocoa butter (the fat) of the beans quickly absorbs and retains pesticides, it is a product that you should always try to buy organic (like coffee).
From Plant to Bean to Bar: Types of Cacao
After three or four years of growth, a cocoa plant will start bearing fruit. Once mature, cocoa trees produce 20–30 pods a year, yielding 20–50 beans each.
Of course, not all cocoa beans are the same. There are three central cocoa beans, each varying in flavor, aroma, and nutritional makeup. These are:
Forastero is the bean most commonly found in Africa, hence the name "foreign" in Spanish. Up to 80–90% of all cacao comes from this plant because it is highly resistant to disease and climate and produces a high yield of beans. Typically, this is the minor quality grade of bean blended with particular types of cocoa to improve the flavor.
Criollo: This is the "native" cocoa bean found in Central and South America. It is considered the highest grade of cacao and is more expensive due to the fragile trees and low yields of inconsistent beans. Only 5–10% of the world's cocoa production is criollo. A unique property of these beans is that they contain more theobromine and caffeine than the other varieties.
Trinitario: The trinitario beans are a hybrid of the two and combine the best aspects of each. Accounting for only 10–15% of the world's cocoa production, it is disease-resistant and is still considered "excellent" chocolate.
Harvesting Cocoa
Harvesting cocoa is usually done with a machete wielded by skilled laborers.
Once the pods were cut down from the tree, they split them with a large knife, exposed the beans, and removed the pulp.
Next, the cocoa beans are fermented in a process called "sweating," which aims to remove some bitterness from the beans.
After 4–7 days of fermentation, the beans are dried for 1-2 weeks.
The best cocoa farmers in the world manually harvest the beans, mix fermenting beans every couple of days, and sundry their product on raised beds to prevent moisture accumulation and mold.
The final step for the beans is roasting. This process depends on the type of bean. For example, cocoa nibs are roasted at temperatures of 215°–248°FF, with the time roasted depending on whether the final product is meant for producing cocoa or chocolate.
After this processing, the fermented beans are sent to various manufacturers to produce chocolate products, such as cocoa powder, cocoa butter, chocolate bars, cocoa nibs, etc.
To produce great cocoa, skilled laborers must harvest, process, and manufacture the cocoa by hand throughout the entire process. While this increases the cost of the cocoa, it produces a far better-tasting product (as well as a better quality of life for the workers and farmers and a better environmental result).
The cocoa bean has been used for centuries, and cultivation and processing methods have developed. Even with all the technology we now have access to, traditional, handcrafted methods with an eye for precision and quality products produce the finest cocoa.
Check out our selection of handcrafted wild chocolate products here.
Processing Cocoa
The processing methods for growing cocoa vary greatly depending on whether you buy organic or conventional.
While some organic products are not much different than standard grade (and some are), conventional cocoa is one of the world's most heavily sprayed crops (again, just like coffee).
And since the cocoa butter (the fat) of the beans quickly absorbs and retains pesticides, it is a product that you should always try to buy organic (like coffee).
More recently, cocoa bean production has expanded beyond the traditional Central and South American countries.
The world's three largest cocoa bean producers are in Africa and Asia. Ivory Coast is in first place, then Ghana and Indonesia. West African countries now account for 69% of the world's cocoa bean production, most of which is used for mass-produced chocolate products.
The plant has come a long way since the time of Cortes and the fall of the Maya empire. Since then, cocoa has continued to spread across the globe through new and improved methods for growing, cultivating, and processing.
Processing Cocoa
The processing methods for growing cocoa vary greatly depending on whether you buy organic or conventional.
While some organic products are not much different than standard grade (and some are), conventional cocoa is one of the world's most heavily sprayed crops (again, just like coffee).
And since the cocoa butter (the fat) of the beans quickly absorbs and retains pesticides, it is a product that you should always try to buy organic (like coffee).
From Plant to Bean to Bar: Types of Cacao
After three or four years of growth, a cocoa plant will start bearing fruit. Once mature, cocoa trees produce 20–30 pods a year, yielding 20–50 beans each.
Of course, not all cocoa beans are the same. There are three central cocoa beans, each varying in flavor, aroma, and nutritional makeup. These are:
Forastero is the bean most commonly found in Africa, hence the name "foreign" in Spanish. Up to 80–90% of all cacao comes from this plant because it is highly resistant to disease and climate and produces a high yield of beans. Typically, this is the minor quality grade of bean blended with particular types of cocoa to improve the flavor.
Criollo: This is the "native" cocoa bean found in Central and South America. It is considered the highest grade of cacao and is more expensive due to the fragile trees and low yields of inconsistent beans. Only 5–10% of the world's cocoa production is criollo. A unique property of these beans is that they contain more theobromine and caffeine than the other varieties.
Trinitario: The trinitario beans are a hybrid of the two and combine the best aspects of each. Accounting for only 10–15% of the world's cocoa production, it is disease-resistant and is still considered "excellent" chocolate.
Harvesting Cocoa
Harvesting cocoa is usually done with a machete wielded by skilled laborers.
Once the pods were cut down from the tree, they split them with a large knife, exposed the beans, and removed the pulp.
Next, the cocoa beans are fermented in a process called "sweating," which aims to remove some bitterness from the beans.
After 4–7 days of fermentation, the beans are dried for 1-2 weeks.
The best cocoa farmers in the world manually harvest the beans, mix fermenting beans every couple of days, and sundry their product on raised beds to prevent moisture accumulation and mold.
The final step for the beans is roasting. This process depends on the type of bean. For example, cocoa nibs are roasted at temperatures of 215°–248°FF, with the time roasted depending on whether the final product is meant for producing cocoa or chocolate.
After this processing, the fermented beans are sent to various manufacturers to produce chocolate products, such as cocoa powder, cocoa butter, chocolate bars, cocoa nibs, etc.
To produce great cocoa, skilled laborers must harvest, process, and manufacture the cocoa by hand throughout the entire process. While this increases the cost of the cocoa, it produces a far better-tasting product (as well as a better quality of life for the workers and farmers and a better environmental result).
The cocoa bean has been used for centuries, and cultivation and processing methods have developed. Even with all the technology we now have access to, traditional, handcrafted methods with an eye for precision and quality products produce the finest cocoa.
Check out our selection of handcrafted wild chocolate products here.
Processing Cocoa
The processing methods for growing cocoa vary greatly depending on whether you buy organic or conventional.
While some organic products are not much different than standard grade (and some are), conventional cocoa is one of the world's most heavily sprayed crops (again, just like coffee).
And since the cocoa butter (the fat) of the beans quickly absorbs and retains pesticides, it is a product that you should always try to buy organic (like coffee).
Cocoa And Health
Cocoa vs. Cacao Powder: What's the difference?
Cacao Nibs
Cocoa Butter
Cocoa Butter Uses
Cocoa Butter Recipes
A Cocoa Overview
- Chocolate, or Cocoa as it is sometimes called, has been around for centuries.
- The first chocolate factories were built in the early 1800s, and the first chocolate bar was created in 1847.
- Chocolate was initially used as a currency by the Aztecs and Mayans and in religious ceremonies.
- Chocolate is made from the cacao bean native to South America.
- Chocolate has several health benefits. It is rich in antioxidants and flavonoids, which can help promote health.
- Chocolate also contains magnesium, essential for bone health, and zinc, necessary for the immune system.
- Chocolate has been demonstrated to increase brain function, memory, and even blood pressure.
- There are many different ways to enjoy chocolate. Chocolate can be eaten independently or used in cakes, cookies, and ice cream recipes. It can also be added to coffee or milk to make a delicious drink.