Smart Basics for Kids: What a Daily Supplement Should—and Shouldn’t—Do

Abstract Summary

Objective

To evaluate which supplement categories most safely and effectively address common nutrient shortfalls in healthy children.

Context

Rapid growth, picky eating, limited sun exposure, and restricted diets can create gaps in vitamin D, iron, iodine, calcium, and long-chain omega-3s.
Over-supplementation risks include hypervitaminosis A/D, iron overload, and interactions with medications or fortified foods.

Methods Used

Approach

Prioritize food-first patterns rich in fruits, vegetables, dairy or fortified alternatives, seafood, legumes, whole grains, nuts, and seeds.
Use supplements to fill clearly identified gaps with age-appropriate doses and clean labels verified by third-party testing.

Data Collection

Population surveys and pediatric cohorts consistently show low vitamin D status in many regions, variable iron status in toddlers, and low DHA intake in non-fish-eating families.
Improving these markers is associated with better skeletal development, anemia correction, and support for visual and cognitive development.

Researchers’ Summary of Findings

Impact on Health

Correcting specific shortfalls supports bone mineralization, hemoglobin synthesis, thyroid function, and neurodevelopmental processes linked to omega-3 status.

Health Implications

Best suited for picky eaters, limited sun exposure, dairy-free or vegan patterns, or documented deficiencies.
Children with chronic conditions or on medications require individualized plans.

Sustainability

Prefer brands with transparent sourcing, third-party testing, minimal added sugars, and recyclable packaging.
Opt for concentrated liquids or powders to reduce plastic volume when practical.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108634