Building Resilient Little Immune Systems: What Actually Helps

Abstract Summary

Objective

To assess which vitamins and nutrients have the strongest evidence for supporting immune function in children and how to use them safely.

Context

Frequent viral exposures in daycare and school are normal.
Nutrient deficiencies can impair innate and adaptive responses, while excesses can be counterproductive or unsafe.

Methods Used

Approach

Screen for diet quality and sun exposure, then prioritize vitamin D sufficiency, adequate zinc from food or short courses when appropriate, and routine vitamin C from produce or modest supplements.
Avoid high-dose fat-soluble vitamins unless medically indicated.

Data Collection

Studies show low vitamin D status is common and correction is associated with fewer respiratory infections in some cohorts.
Zinc given early in illness can modestly shorten cold duration in older children.
Vitamin C offers small reductions in illness duration with regular intake; effects are larger when status is low.
Probiotic strains may reduce absenteeism modestly; benefits are strain-specific.

Researchers’ Summary of Findings

Impact on Health

Improved micronutrient status can support barrier integrity, cytokine balance, and antibody responses, potentially reducing infection duration and severity.

Health Implications

Useful for kids with low sun exposure, limited produce or seafood intake, or selective eating patterns.
Kids with chronic disease or supplement–drug interactions require clinician oversight.

Sustainability

Choose brands with third-party testing, responsible dosing, minimal sweeteners, and recyclable materials.
Food-first strategies lower cost and environmental impact.

DOI 10.1002/mnfr.202100232