Fish Oil for Women: Heart, Pregnancy, Mood, and Pain—What the Evidence Supports
Abstract Summary
Objective
To evaluate female-specific benefits and risks of fish oil, with emphasis on pregnancy and gynecologic outcomes.
Context
DHA/EPA contribute to fetal neurodevelopment and may influence gestational length; women also frequently seek omega-3s for menstrual symptoms and mood in the perinatal period.
Methods Used
Approach
Focused on randomized controlled trials and consensus guidelines; separated prevention (preterm birth) from treatment (perinatal depression).
Data Collection
Sourced from obstetrics guidelines, Cochrane systematic reviews, and cardiovascular outcome trials.
Researchers’ Summary of Findings
Impact on Health
Women should prioritize dietary fish, but supplementation may be especially useful during pregnancy to lower preterm birth risk. It may also play a role in menstrual pain management.
Health Implications
Recommendations should be personalized by life stage: preconception/pregnancy, midlife cardiovascular health, and gynecological symptom relief.
Sustainability
Favor low-mercury, sustainably sourced fish or certified supplements with verified DHA content.
DOI
10.1016/j.ajogmf.2023.100965; 10.1002