Fish Oil for Women: Heart, Pregnancy, Mood, and Pain—What the Evidence Supports

Abstract Summary

Objective

To evaluate female-specific benefits and risks of fish oil, with emphasis on pregnancy and gynecologic outcomes.

Context

DHA/EPA contribute to fetal neurodevelopment and may influence gestational length; women also frequently seek omega-3s for menstrual symptoms and mood in the perinatal period.

Methods Used

Approach

Focused on randomized controlled trials and consensus guidelines; separated prevention (preterm birth) from treatment (perinatal depression).

Data Collection

Sourced from obstetrics guidelines, Cochrane systematic reviews, and cardiovascular outcome trials.

Researchers’ Summary of Findings

Impact on Health

Women should prioritize dietary fish, but supplementation may be especially useful during pregnancy to lower preterm birth risk. It may also play a role in menstrual pain management.

Health Implications

Recommendations should be personalized by life stage: preconception/pregnancy, midlife cardiovascular health, and gynecological symptom relief.

Sustainability

Favor low-mercury, sustainably sourced fish or certified supplements with verified DHA content.

DOI

10.1016/j.ajogmf.2023.100965; 10.1002

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